On-Chain vs Off-Chain

Which of these creates a transaction in a Bitcoin block?

• Sending a payment through a channel that is already open
• Closing a channel cooperatively
• Receiving a Lightning payment routed through three other nodes

The on-chain fee rate doubles. What happens to the cost of a payment through a channel that is already open?

• It doubles too
• Almost nothing, because payments inside an open channel don't pay on-chain fees
• It drops, because Lightning fees move the opposite way